[r/ML] [D] OOD and Spandrels, or What you should know about EBM.

Summary

This article compares Energy-Based Models (EBMs) to Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs), addressing whether EBMs are simply an equivalent reformulation of MLPs trained with gradient descent. It concludes that EBMs are not equivalent, differing significantly in how they categorize Out-of-Distribution (OOD) points. This clarifies a fundamental distinction between these model architectures.

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